C++ Fundamentals

Write and compile a basic C++ program that produces output.

Declare, initialize, and use variables of fundamental data types (int, double, char, bool).

Use arithmetic, relational, and logical operators to construct expressions.

Read user input using `cin` and display formatted output using `cout`.

Implement conditional logic using if, else if, and else statements.

Use switch statements for multi-way branching based on a single variable.