Musculoskeletal Foundations: Anatomy & Biomechanics

Identify the origins, insertions, nerve supply, and actions of key muscles of the upper limb (shoulder, arm, forearm, hand).

Identify the origins, insertions, nerve supply, and actions of key muscles of the lower limb (hip, thigh, leg, foot).

Classify synovial joints by type and describe their axes of movement and arthrokinematics.

Apply the principles of levers, force couples, and torque to analyze human movement.

Describe the biomechanics of the spinal column, including the function of ligaments and intervertebral discs.

Describe the biomechanics of the shoulder complex, with a focus on scapulohumeral rhythm.

Identify common gait deviations and correlate them with their underlying biomechanical or neurological causes.