The Standard Template Library (STL) and File Streams

Use std::vector to manage a dynamic array of elements

Use range-based for loops to iterate over containers

Use std::map to store and retrieve data as key-value pairs

Use iterators to traverse and manipulate container elements

Apply common STL algorithms like std::sort and std::find

Read from and write to text files using C++ file streams (ifstream, ofstream)

Parse a simple text file into a std::vector of structs