Electrostatics: Charge, Force, and Fields

Describe the properties of electric charge (quantization, conservation) and distinguish conductors from insulators.

Explain charging by friction, conduction, and induction, and predict resulting charge distributions.

State Coulomb's law in vector form and apply the superposition principle to find the net force on a charge from multiple point charges.

Define the electric field vector and compute the field due to point charges.

Calculate the electric field from continuous charge distributions (line, ring) using integration.

State Gauss's law and apply it to find the electric field of symmetric charge distributions (sphere, cylinder, plane).

Explain why the net electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is zero and describe the behavior of charge on its surface.

Analyse the motion of a charged particle in a uniform electric field (e.g., projectile motion).