Observational Study Designs

Describe the design, strengths, and limitations of cross-sectional studies.

Describe the design of prospective and retrospective cohort studies.

Identify appropriate measures of association for cohort studies (risk ratio, rate ratio).

Describe the design of case-control studies and the role of the odds ratio.

Compare the strengths and limitations of cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional designs.

Identify and classify sources of bias in study design, such as selection and information bias.