Issue of Share Capital

Distinguish between authorized, issued, subscribed, called-up, and paid-up share capital.

Record journal entries for the issue of shares at par and at a premium, including application, allotment, and call stages.

Account for oversubscription of shares, including pro-rata allotment and partial refunds.

Record journal entries to adjust excess application money towards allotment and future calls (Calls-in-Advance).

Account for undersubscription of shares and its implications.

Record journal entries for Calls-in-Arrears.

Record journal entries for the issue of shares for consideration other than cash (e.g., to vendors or promoters).

Present Share Capital in the company's Balance Sheet as per Schedule III, including Notes to Accounts.