C/C++ Systems Programming Foundations

Perform pointer arithmetic and explain the relationship between pointers and arrays in C/C++.

Explain stack vs. heap memory allocation and their performance characteristics.

Manage dynamic memory using malloc/free and new/delete, identifying common pitfalls like memory leaks and dangling pointers.

Explain memory layout for C structs and C++ classes, including data alignment and padding.

Perform bitwise operations (AND, OR, XOR, shifts) and apply them to common tasks like bit masking.

Use C++ templates to write generic functions capable of operating on different data types.

Write and compile a multi-file C++ program, managing dependencies between source files and headers.