Linux Device Driver Development

Implement a basic character device driver, including major/minor number allocation and `file_operations` registration.

Implement `read`, `write`, and `ioctl` handlers, using `copy_from_user`/`copy_to_user` for safe data transfer.

Explain the platform driver model, including device tree probing, compatible string matching, and resource retrieval.

Implement a platform driver that uses `devm_*` managed functions for automatic resource cleanup (e.g., memory, IRQs).

Implement kernel interrupt handling using `request_irq` and partition the handler into a top half and a bottom half (workqueue).

Use the modern GPIO framework (`gpiod_*` API) to control GPIO lines from a kernel driver.

Use the pinctrl and clock frameworks to configure pin multiplexing and manage peripheral clock rates.

Explain zero-copy techniques like `mmap` for high-performance I/O between user space and a device.