Compile-Time Polymorphism with Templates

Implement function and class templates and explain the process of template instantiation by the compiler.

Analyze the trade-offs of template use, including potential for code bloat and improved performance.

Apply template specialization to provide optimized implementations for specific types.

Use `if constexpr` to perform compile-time branching within a template.

Implement variadic templates to create functions and classes that accept a variable number of arguments.

Explain the fundamental differences and use cases for compile-time polymorphism (templates) versus runtime polymorphism (virtual functions).

Define type traits to inspect and transform type properties at compile-time.