Antialiasing and Depth of Field

Explain the cause of aliasing (jaggies) in computer-generated images.

Use std::random to generate uniformly distributed random numbers for sampling.

Implement multi-sample antialiasing by averaging colors from random rays within each pixel.

Explain how a camera's aperture and focus distance create depth of field.

Simulate a thin lens camera by sampling rays originating from a disk representing the aperture.

Render scenes with realistic depth of field blur.