Mathematical Foundations: Statistics and Calculus

Compute variance and standard deviation of a dataset.

Define probability and conditional probability.

Apply Bayes' theorem to solve simple probabilistic problems.

Describe the properties of the Normal (Gaussian) distribution.

Compute and interpret correlation between two variables.

Explain how the derivative represents a rate of change and is used to find function minima.

Explain the concept of a gradient as the direction of steepest ascent for multivariable functions.