Analog Microelectronic Circuits

Explain channel length modulation and its effect on small-signal output resistance (ro).

Derive small-signal model parameters (gm, ro) from the DC operating point of a MOSFET.

Analyze the voltage gain, input resistance, and output resistance of a common-source amplifier.

Analyze a common-source amplifier with source degeneration and its effect on gain and impedances.

Analyze a common-gate amplifier (gain, input and output resistance).

Analyze a common-drain (source follower) amplifier (gain and impedances).

Select an appropriate single-stage MOSFET amplifier topology based on gain and impedance specifications.

Analyze BJT circuits at DC to determine the Q-point (IC, VCE).

Design the classic four-resistor (voltage divider) bias arrangement for a BJT amplifier.

Analyze a two-power-supply BJT bias configuration.

Analyze the collector-to-base feedback bias configuration.

Explain how a constant current source can be used for BJT biasing.

Calculate transconductance (gm) and other small-signal parameters from the BJT's Q-point.

Apply the hybrid-π model to analyze BJT amplifier circuits.

Explain the Early effect and compute small-signal output resistance (ro).

Analyze a common-emitter amplifier (voltage gain, input and output resistance).

Analyze a common-emitter amplifier with emitter degeneration and its effect on gain and impedances.

Analyze a common-base amplifier (gain, input and output resistance).

Analyze a common-collector (emitter follower) amplifier.

Analyze the Darlington pair configuration and its effect on current gain and input impedance.

Analyze a basic BJT current mirror, accounting for the effect of finite beta.

Analyze a basic MOSFET current mirror and its dependence on device matching.

Analyze the cascode current mirror (MOS and BJT) and its output resistance advantage.

Analyze the Wilson current mirror (MOS and BJT) and explain its output resistance improvement.

Analyze the Widlar current source and calculate its output current.

Design a current mirror to meet specified output current and output resistance requirements.

Identify internal capacitances in MOSFETs and BJTs to construct their high-frequency small-signal models.

Calculate the unity-gain frequency (fT) for MOSFET and BJT devices.

Analyze the low-frequency response of amplifiers due to coupling and bypass capacitors.

Analyze the high-frequency response of a common-source/common-emitter amplifier using the Miller approximation.

Determine the dominant poles and estimate the 3dB bandwidth of single-stage amplifiers.

Sketch and interpret Bode plots for amplifier frequency response.

Describe the benefits of negative feedback: gain desensitivity, bandwidth extension, and impedance modification.

Identify and classify the four basic feedback topologies (series-shunt, series-series, shunt-shunt, shunt-series).

Apply classification rules to determine the feedback topology of a given discrete or op-amp amplifier.

Analyze the loop gain (Aβ) of a given feedback amplifier.

Analyze a discrete series-shunt feedback amplifier to determine closed-loop gain and terminal impedances.

Analyze the stability of a feedback amplifier using gain and phase margins.

Analyze a non-inverting amplifier configuration for closed-loop gain and terminal impedances.

Analyze an inverting amplifier configuration for closed-loop gain and terminal impedances.

Analyze summing and difference amplifiers.

Analyze op-amp based integrator and differentiator circuits.

Analyze a three-op-amp instrumentation amplifier and derive its differential gain expression.

Analyze the effect of finite open-loop gain on closed-loop amplifier accuracy.

Analyze the effect of finite bandwidth (Gain-Bandwidth Product) on op-amp circuit performance.

Calculate the impact of input offset voltage and bias currents on circuit output.

Calculate slew rate and determine its impact on large-signal frequency response (full-power bandwidth).

Determine output voltage and current saturation limits and their effect on driving loads.

Analyze and design a Schmitt trigger circuit, calculating threshold voltages and hysteresis width.

Analyze a half-wave and full-wave precision rectifier circuit.

Explain the Barkhausen criterion for oscillation (loop gain magnitude and phase shift).

Analyze an RC oscillator (e.g., Wien bridge or phase-shift) to find its frequency of oscillation and gain condition.

Describe the operating principle of LC tuned oscillators (e.g., Colpitts or Hartley).

Explain the operation and frequency stability advantages of crystal oscillators.

Classify output stages (Class A, B, AB) and describe their trade-offs in efficiency and linearity.

Analyze a Class A output stage, calculating its maximum efficiency and power dissipation.

Analyze a Class B push-pull output stage and identify the cause of crossover distortion.

Analyze a Class AB output stage and explain how biasing diodes mitigate crossover distortion.

Model the thermal behavior of a power transistor using a thermal equivalent circuit.

Calculate the required heat sink thermal resistance to maintain junction temperature within safe limits.