Earth's Foundations: Shape, Motion, and Coordinates

Describe the shape, size, and major motions (rotation, revolution) of the Earth.

Explain the significance of Earth's axial tilt and its effect on seasons.

Define and locate points on Earth's surface using latitude and longitude coordinates.

Calculate time differences across longitudes and explain the system of standard time zones.

Identify the major circles of latitude (Equator, Tropics, Circles) and their geographic significance.

Explain the concept of the geographic graticule and its role in mapping.