Object-Oriented Programming in Java

Define classes with fields, constructors, and methods.

Explain the difference between stack and heap memory in the context of object creation.

Apply encapsulation using access modifiers and getter/setter methods.

Implement inheritance using the 'extends' and 'super' keywords.

Override methods and distinguish between method overriding and overloading.

Apply runtime polymorphism through upcasting and dynamic method dispatch.

Define and use abstract classes and abstract methods.

Define and implement interfaces, and compare them with abstract classes.