Side Effects and Component Lifecycle with `useEffect`

Explain what side effects are in React and why they need to be managed

Use the `useEffect` hook to run code after a component renders

Control when an effect runs using the dependency array

Perform an action only once when a component mounts

Write a cleanup function within `useEffect` to prevent memory leaks

Relate `useEffect` behavior to component lifecycle phases (mount, update, unmount)