Human body, stress, food, drinks

Identify the major divisions of the nervous system (Central and Peripheral) and their primary functions.

Describe the structure of a neuron and how nerve signals (action potentials) are transmitted.

Explain the role of neurotransmitters in communication between neurons.

Identify the key brain regions involved in stress, emotion, and metabolic control.

Describe the function of the autonomic nervous system, distinguishing between the sympathetic ('fight-or-flight') and parasympathetic ('rest-and-digest') divisions.

Describe how hormones function as chemical messengers in the body.

Explain the master regulatory role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland over other endocrine functions.

Identify the adrenal glands and the roles of adrenaline and cortisol in the stress response.

Describe how the pancreas regulates blood sugar through insulin and glucagon.

Explain the function of thyroid hormones in regulating the body's overall metabolic rate.

Define physiological stress and distinguish between acute and chronic stress.

Describe the 'fast' stress pathway (SAM axis) leading to the release of adrenaline.

Describe the 'slow' stress pathway (HPA axis) leading to the release of cortisol.

Explain the immediate effects of adrenaline on the body during the fight-or-flight response.

Explain the primary metabolic and regulatory functions of cortisol.

Describe how chronic stress negatively impacts the immune system.

Identify the common physical and emotional symptoms of chronic stress.

Identify the main components of the cardiovascular system (heart, blood vessels, blood) and their functions.

Describe how the heart pumps blood through the circulatory system.

Define blood pressure and explain the significance of systolic and diastolic measurements.

Describe how the nervous and endocrine systems work together to regulate heart rate and blood pressure.

Explain how acute and chronic stress affect heart rate, blood pressure, and long-term cardiovascular health.

Identify the major organs of the digestive system and their functions.

Describe the mechanical and enzymatic breakdown of food in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine.

Explain how nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

Describe the roles of the liver in digestion, metabolism, and detoxification.

Explain how the 'fight-or-flight' response alters blood flow and function in the digestive system.

Explain the concept of the gut-brain axis and how stress influences digestive health.

Describe the gut microbiome and its connection to digestion, immune function, and mood.

Describe the three macronutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and their primary roles in the body.

Explain how carbohydrates are digested and used for energy, and how the body stores excess energy.

Distinguish between different types of dietary fats and their effects on health.

Describe the role of proteins in building and repairing body tissues.

Explain the concept of caloric energy and how to estimate daily energy requirements.

Identify key vitamins (e.g., B-complex, C, D) and their roles in energy metabolism and stress management.

Identify key minerals (e.g., magnesium, zinc, iron) and their roles in nerve function and immune support.

Identify food sources rich in specific vitamins and minerals that support the body's stress response.

Describe how free radicals are generated and cause cellular damage (oxidative stress).

Explain the role of antioxidants in protecting cells from damage and identify antioxidant-rich foods.

Describe how blood sugar fluctuations affect mood and energy levels, and identify foods that help stabilize them.

Explain the metabolic impact of processed foods and added sugars on the body.

Describe the functions of water in the body and the physiological effects of dehydration.

Explain how caffeine affects the nervous system and the body's stress response.

Describe how alcohol is metabolized by the liver and its impact on the nervous system, sleep, and metabolic health.

Describe the immediate and long-term consequences of sugary drink consumption on metabolic health.

Describe the stages of sleep and their respective functions for physical and mental recovery.

Explain how sleep quality affects hormone regulation, including stress hormones like cortisol.

Describe the relationship between sleep deprivation, stress levels, and immune function.

Explain how the body uses sleep to repair tissues and consolidate memories.

Identify how specific foods, caffeine, and alcohol can affect sleep quality.

Analyze the interaction between your personal dietary patterns and your physiological stress response.

Evaluate a specific health claim about a food, beverage, or supplement using your physiological knowledge.

Create a sample one-day meal plan designed to stabilize blood sugar and support the nervous system.

Develop a personal checklist to monitor your primary physical and emotional stress signals.

Design a simple action plan that maps specific nutritional and lifestyle strategies to your identified stress signals.