Preparing a Simple CPC

Welcome back. In our previous lesson, we demystified the Moroccan Income Statement, the Compte de Produits et Charges (CPC). You learned its purpose—to tell the financial story of a company's performance over a period—and its cascading structure, which reveals profitability at the operating, financial, and non-current levels. We ended with a clear theoretical blueprint of the CPC.

Today, we transition from theory to practice. This lesson directly addresses the learning outcome: Prepare a simple CPC from an adjusted trial balance. We will take the final, verified numbers from an adjusted trial balance (the output of Module 3) and transform them into the formal CPC document. This is a fundamental skill for any accountant, as it's the first step in creating the annual financial statements (états de synthèse).

1. From Trial Balance to Income Statement: The Core Logic

The Adjusted Trial Balance (Balance après inventaire) is our starting point. It's a comprehensive list of every account in the general ledger with its final debit or credit balance for the period.

To build the CPC, our task is to:

1. Isolate all accounts from Class 6 (Charges) and Class 7 (Products).
2. Organize them according to the CPC's structure that we studied previously.
3. Calculate the cascading results to arrive at the net income.

Remember the basic rules:

• Charge accounts (Class 6) normally have a debit balance.
• Product accounts (Class 7) normally have a credit balance.

The image below shows this connection. On the right, you see a trial balance with debit and credit columns. On the left, you see how those numbers are mapped into the CPC.

2. A Crucial Calculation: "Achats Revendus de Marchandises"

For a trading company (entreprise commerciale), the single largest expense is often the cost of the goods it has sold. In Moroccan accounting, this isn't a single account you can just pull from the trial balance. It must be calculated. This line item is called Achats revendus de marchandises (Cost of Goods Sold).

The formula is a cornerstone of commercial accounting:

Let's break this down:

• Achats de l'exercice: This is the total amount of merchandise purchased during the period. You will find this in the trial balance under account 6111 - Achats de marchandises.
• Stock Initial (SI): The value of your inventory at the beginning of the period.
• Stock Final (SF): The value of your inventory at the end of the period (after a physical count and valuation).

These two stock values are typically provided with the end-of-year information needed to prepare financial statements.

To understand this logic, think of it this way: The cost of what you sold is what you started with, plus what you bought, minus what you have left at the end.

The document below contains a simple exercise that explicitly shows this calculation.

3. Step-by-Step: Building a CPC from a Trial Balance

Let's walk through a complete example. Imagine we have the following adjusted trial balance for a small SME, "SARL TRADEX," for the year ended 31/12/N.

Adjusted Trial Balance - SARL TRADEX - 31/12/N

Additional Information:

• Stock initial de marchandises au 01/01/N: 700,000
• Stock final de marchandises au 31/12/N: 698,000
• Impôt sur les sociétés (to be calculated): 35% of the result before tax.

Step 1: Calculate "Achats revendus de marchandises"

Using our formula:
Achats revendus = Achats + SI - SF
Achats revendus = 2,750,000 + 700,000 - 698,000 = 2,752,000

Step 2: Group Products and Charges by Category

• Produits d'exploitation (Class 71):

  • Ventes de marchandises: 3,600,000
  • Total I = 3,600,000

• Charges d'exploitation (Class 61):

  • Achats revendus de marchandises: 2,752,000 (our calculation)
  • Rémunération du personnel: 135,000
  • Dotations d'exploitation: 53,000
  • Total II = 2,752,000 + 135,000 + 53,000 = 2,940,000

• Produits financiers (Class 73):

  • Intérêts et autres produits assim.: 8,000
  • Total IV = 8,000

• Charges financières (Class 63):

  • Intérêts des emprunts: 20,000
  • Total V = 20,000

• Produits non courants (Class 75):

  • Dons reçus: 1,000
  • Total VIII = 1,000

• Charges non courantes (Class 65):

  • Pénalités fiscales: 7,000
  • Total IX = 7,000

Step 3: Assemble the CPC and Calculate the Results

Now, we place these totals into the CPC template and perform the cascading calculations.

Our final Net Result (Résultat Net) for SARL TRADEX is 417,300. This positive result represents the profit for the year.

The exercise we just completed is taken directly from the OFPPT manual. You can review the provided solution to reinforce your understanding.

Conclusion

You have now bridged the gap between the theoretical structure of the CPC and its practical preparation. You have learned the systematic process of extracting data from a trial balance, performing the essential calculation for the cost of goods sold, and assembling the final income statement.

Key Takeaways:

• The CPC is built using the final balances of Class 6 (Charges) and Class 7 (Products) accounts from the adjusted trial balance.
• A critical step for trading companies is calculating Achats revendus de marchandises using the formula: Achats + Stock Initial - Stock Final.
• The process is methodical: calculate key figures, group all charges and products by category (operating, financial, non-current), and then populate the CPC template to find the final Résultat net.

Preview of the Next Lesson:
We have successfully created the first of the two main financial statements. But what about the other accounts in our trial balance (Classes 1 through 5)? These accounts—Assets, Liabilities, and Equity—do not appear on the CPC. In the next lesson, you will learn how to use these remaining balances to construct the second key financial statement: the Moroccan Balance Sheet (Bilan). You will see how the Résultat net we calculated today becomes a vital link between these two statements.