Condition Variables and a Bounded Buffer

Initialize and destroy condition variables alongside their associated mutexes.

Coordinate threads by using pthread_cond_wait, pthread_cond_signal, and pthread_cond_broadcast.

Implement the 'wait-in-a-loop' pattern to correctly handle spurious wakeups.

Use pthread_cond_timedwait to implement timeout-based waiting.

Design the logic for a thread-safe bounded buffer (producer-consumer problem).

Implement a bounded buffer using one mutex and two condition variables for synchronization.

Write a program with multiple producer and consumer threads interacting via the bounded buffer.