State Estimation with Luenberger Observers

Explain the principle of a Luenberger observer for estimating unmeasured system states.

Select observer pole locations to achieve desired estimation error dynamics (e.g., faster than controller dynamics).

Calculate the observer gain matrix (L) for an observable system using pole placement.

Construct the state-space equations for a full-order state observer.

Simulate an observer to verify that the state estimates converge to the true system states.