Python Object Model & Memory Management

Explain how everything in Python is an object and distinguish between type, id, and value.

Differentiate between mutable and immutable objects and predict behavior when passed to functions.

Explain Python's reference counting mechanism and how it manages object lifetimes.

Describe how Python's cyclic garbage collector detects and collects reference cycles.

Perform shallow and deep copies of nested data structures using the `copy` module.

Explain object interning for small integers and strings and its implications for identity vs. equality checks.

Use `sys.getsizeof` and `tracemalloc` to inspect and analyze the memory usage of Python objects and applications.