Java Foundations: Encapsulation and Polymorphism

Use visibility modifiers (e.g., 'private', 'public') to enforce encapsulation in a Java class.

Differentiate between instance members and class-level members using the 'static' modifier.

Apply the 'final' modifier to create immutable fields, non-overridable methods, or non-extendable classes.

Define a Java interface and implement it in a concrete class.

Create and extend an abstract class, distinguishing its purpose from an interface.

Apply polymorphism by programming to an interface rather than a concrete implementation.

Differentiate composition from inheritance and choose the appropriate relationship for a given scenario.

Use Java generics to write a type-safe container or method.