Nursing

Apply anatomical position and the standard directional terms—including superior/inferior, anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, superficial/deep, and ipsilateral/contralateral—to describe relationships between structures.

Label sagittal, midsagittal, frontal, transverse, and oblique planes and the dorsal, ventral, cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities on anatomical diagrams.

Locate the four abdominal quadrants and all nine abdominopelvic regions—including the hypochondriac, lumbar, iliac/inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric/pubic regions—from diagrams and descriptions.

Recognize Fowler’s, prone, supine, Sims’, and Trendelenburg positions from diagrams or descriptions and match each to an appropriate basic classroom patient-care scenario.

Analyze a basic tissue diagram by defining tissue, ordering the cell-to-tissue-to-organ-to-organ-system hierarchy, classifying epithelium by cell shape and number of layers, and explaining the roles of interstitial fluid and tight junctions.

Classify loose and dense connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, and blood using their cells, matrix, common locations, and primary functions.

Differentiate skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle, and nervous tissue using structure, location, and function.

Distinguish mucous membranes from serous membranes, identify parietal and visceral as the two serous layers, and apply these relationships to the peritoneum and abdominal organs.

Identify the major organs and health-related functions of the integumentary, skeletal, and muscular systems.

Identify the major organs and health-related functions of the nervous, sensory, and endocrine systems.

Identify the major organs and health-related functions of the circulatory, lymphatic, and respiratory systems.

Identify the major organs and health-related functions of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.