O-Level Maths and Chemistry

Apply the four operations to signed integers using the correct order of operations.

Calculate with proper and improper fractions, including mixed numbers.

Perform arithmetic with decimals and convert between fractions and decimals.

Use prime factorisation to determine the HCF and LCM of integers.

Use the particle model to compare solids, liquids and gases.

Interpret heating and cooling curves in terms of changes of state.

Explain diffusion in gases and liquids using particle motion.

Select laboratory apparatus that provides an appropriate measurement precision.

Convert between fractions, decimals and percentages.

Solve ratio, unit-rate and direct-proportion problems.

Convert units when calculating speed, density and other compound measures.

Calculate percentage change, profit, loss and discount.

Distinguish elements, compounds and mixtures from particle diagrams and formulae.

Choose a suitable physical method for separating a specified mixture.

Use chromatogram measurements to calculate an Rf value and assess purity.

Determine proton, neutron and electron numbers from atomic and ionic notation.

Apply index laws to simplify numerical and algebraic expressions.

Convert ordinary numbers to and from standard form and calculate with standard form.

Round values to a stated accuracy and calculate error intervals from rounded data.

Substitute values into formulae and simplify algebraic expressions.

Calculate relative atomic mass from isotopic abundances.

Write electronic configurations and predict the ions formed by main-group atoms.

Deduce chemical formulae from ion charges or element valencies.

Construct dot-and-cross diagrams for ionic compounds.

Expand and factorise algebraic expressions, including quadratic trinomials.

Simplify algebraic fractions by factorising and cancelling common factors.

Rearrange a formula to make a specified variable the subject.

Solve linear equations containing brackets and fractional coefficients.

Construct dot-and-cross diagrams for simple covalent molecules.

Relate bonding and structure to the physical properties of simple molecular, giant covalent, ionic and metallic substances.

Explain metallic bonding and relate it to the properties of metals and alloys.

Balance symbol equations and add correct state symbols.

Represent and solve linear inequalities on a number line.

Solve pairs of simultaneous linear equations algebraically.

Solve quadratic equations by factorisation.

Use the quadratic formula to solve quadratic equations.

Calculate relative formula mass and convert between mass and amount in moles.

Use balanced equations to calculate reacting masses and mole ratios.

Identify the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction.

Calculate percentage yield and percentage purity.

Form and use equations for direct and inverse variation.

Find terms and rules for linear and quadratic sequences.

Calculate gradient, midpoint and distance from coordinate data.

Determine the equation of a straight line, including a line parallel to another.

Calculate concentration in mol/dm³ or g/dm³, including required unit conversions.

Predict periodic trends across a period from electronic structure.

Compare the characteristic reactions of Group I, Group VII and noble-gas elements.

Use the reactivity series to predict displacement, extraction and corrosion behaviour.

Evaluate functions and determine inverse and composite functions.

Recognise and sketch linear, quadratic, reciprocal and exponential graphs.

Use graphs to estimate solutions of equations and intersections of functions.

Calculate unknown angles using line, triangle, quadrilateral and polygon properties.

Use pH and indicator information to classify acids, bases and oxides.

Select and describe a suitable method for preparing a specified salt.

Assign oxidation states and identify oxidation and reduction in a reaction.

Predict the products of electrolysis of molten ionic compounds.

Establish whether two figures are congruent or similar using geometric criteria.

Use length, area and volume scale factors for similar figures and solids.

Apply circle theorems to calculate unknown angles.

Calculate arc lengths and sector areas.

Predict the products of electrolysis of aqueous ionic solutions.

Write ionic half-equations for electrode reactions.

Classify reactions as exothermic or endothermic from energy changes and energy-profile diagrams.

Calculate reaction energy changes from bond energies.

Calculate the surface area and volume of compound three-dimensional solids.

Interpret distance–time and speed–time graphs.

Solve right-angled problems using Pythagoras’ theorem and trigonometric ratios.

Solve non-right-angled triangles using the sine rule, cosine rule and ½ab sin C.

Use collision theory to predict how conditions affect reaction rate.

Interpret rate graphs and design a controlled rate experiment.

Explain dynamic equilibrium in a closed system.

Apply Le Chatelier’s principle to changes in concentration, pressure and temperature.

Describe and perform reflections, rotations, translations and enlargements.

Use bearings and trigonometry in elevation, depression and three-dimensional problems.

Perform vector operations and use vectors to establish parallelism or division in a ratio.

Represent sets in Venn diagrams and calculate probabilities from them.

Identify aqueous cations and anions from qualitative test observations.

Identify common gases from their confirmatory tests.

Explain how potable water is produced and tested for purity.

Relate major atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases to their sources and effects.

Calculate and compare averages, quartiles and measures of spread.

Construct and interpret histograms and cumulative-frequency graphs.

Interpret box plots, scatter diagrams and lines of best fit.

Calculate combined probabilities using tree diagrams.

Classify organic compounds by homologous series, functional group and structural isomerism.

Explain fractional distillation of petroleum and the purpose of cracking.

Distinguish alkanes from alkenes using structures, reactions and the bromine test.

Identify the characteristic reactions of ethanol, carboxylic acids, esters and polymers.

Choose efficient non-calculator methods for Mathematics Paper 1 questions.

Use calculator functions and appropriate accuracy in Mathematics Paper 2 questions.

Classify errors from a timed mathematics paper by topic and error type.

Correct recurring mathematical errors by writing and applying a personal checking rule.

Apply rapid recall and elimination strategies to Chemistry Paper 1 multiple-choice questions.

Structure calculations and explanations for Chemistry Paper 2 theory questions.

Interpret apparatus, observations and experimental data for Chemistry Paper 4 questions.

Classify chemistry errors by topic and repair them using corrected worked solutions.